Strabismus

Which test best quantifies the magnitude of manifest strabismus at distance and near?

A toddler with large-angle constant esotropia before 6 months of age. Most likely diagnosis?

Best initial management for refractive accommodative esotropia from uncorrected hyperopia?

Which sign distinguishes pseudoesotropia from true esotropia?

In intermittent exotropia, which clinical tool assesses control?

Which strategy is reasonable first-line for convergence insufficiency (CI) with near exophoria/exotropia?

A-pattern deviation most commonly associates with overaction of which muscle?

Dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) is characterized by:

Bielschowsky head tilt test is most useful for diagnosing:

Parks 3-step identifies the paretic cyclovertical muscle by:

Key feature of Duane retraction syndrome type 1?

Most common cause of acquired isolated sixth nerve palsy in older adults with vasculopathy?

Sensory exotropia typically develops after:

Occlusion therapy for moderate amblyopia (20/40–20/80) commonly uses:

Classic features of infantile esotropia EXCEPT:

In small-angle monofixation syndrome (microtropia), which is TRUE?

Primary surgical plan for large-angle infantile ET without accommodative component?

After full hyperopic correction, a residual esotropia of 20Δ persists at distance and near. Next step?

Intermittent exotropia with good distance control but poor near control. Reasonable non-surgical option?

A V-pattern esotropia with inferior oblique overaction—operative add-on?

Which test differentiates phoria from tropia?

A patient with comitant esotropia increases angle with +3.00 D lenses; AC/A ratio is:

Which statement about prism adaptation test (PAT) is TRUE?

Dissociated horizontal deviation (DHD) is:

In thyroid eye disease with restrictive ET due to tight medial rectus, which exam clue helps?

Angles measured by Krimsky vs Hirschberg?

Positive angle kappa can mimic:

A child with intermittent XT shows suppression on Worth 4-dot at distance but fusion at near. Interpretation?

Which is TRUE regarding adjustable sutures in adult strabismus?

Pattern strabismus with A-pattern XT and SO overaction—helpful surgical adjunct?

Signs favoring fourth nerve palsy over skew deviation?

Myasthenia gravis ocular misalignment clue?

Acute comitant esotropia with diplopia in older child (decompensated phoria) — initial workup?

For small residual symptomatic deviation post-op, best optical aid?

Which deviation is most typically incomitant?

Surgery for intermittent exotropia with poor control and large angles commonly involves:

Key prerequisite before operating on accommodative ET with hyperopia?

Which is TRUE about ARC (anomalous retinal correspondence)?

A patient with constant large-angle ET and severe amblyopia in one eye. Most likely sensory state?

Classic clinical triad of an internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO)?

“One-and-a-half” syndrome localizes to which structures?

Distinguishing skew deviation from 4th nerve palsy using torsion?

Brown syndrome is characterized by:

Congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles (CFEOM) typically shows:

Age-related distance esotropia (sagging eye syndrome) presents as:

Consecutive exotropia after prior ET surgery—best initial surgical fix?

Risk factor for overcorrection after BLR recessions for IXT?

Role of botulinum toxin in acute 6th nerve palsy?

For symptomatic esotropia without surgery, the base direction of relieving prism is:

Posterior fixation (Faden) suture effect:

Forced-duction vs force-generation testing—what do they diagnose?

Sherrington vs Hering laws—correct pairing?

Slipped muscle after strabismus surgery most likely shows:

Converting prism diopters to degrees—best approximation?

Normal near point of convergence (NPC) in healthy young adults is:

Which stereotest measures global (random-dot) stereopsis best?

Best tool to quantify and train sensory/motor fusion ranges in clinic?

Vertical diplopia worse in downgaze with positive Bielschowsky and excyclotorsion. Likely diagnosis?

Which operation specifically addresses symptomatic excyclotorsion with minimal vertical change?

Preferred surgery for restrictive vertical strabismus in thyroid eye disease with tight IR?

Bilateral “A”-pattern with SO overaction—useful surgical adjunct?

Management of decompensated esophoria with small symptomatic ET in adults?

In intermittent exotropia, which measure best tracks severity over time?

Latent nystagmus hallmark relevant to strabismus?

Best first-line therapy for moderate anisometropic amblyopia (e.g., 20/60) after proper optical correction?

Gradient AC/A calculation example: ET at near 20Δ, with +1.00 D lenses at near ET becomes 10Δ. AC/A?

Double Maddox rod is primarily used to:

Which finding suggests restrictive rather than paretic vertical deviation?

Optimal timing for adjustable suture adjustment in cooperative adults?