Renal Failure & Transplantation

A patient with ESRD presents with refractory hyperkalemia (K+ 7.2 mmol/L) and peaked T waves despite medical therapy. Indication for urgent dialysis?

Which of the following is NOT a standard emergency indication for dialysis in AKI/ESRD? (AEIOU)

Best initial step for uremic pericarditis with chest pain and friction rub in a dialysis patient?

Which vascular access is preferred first‑line for chronic hemodialysis?

A new kidney graft is placed in the right iliac fossa. Standard anastomoses are?

Which HLA loci are most impactful for kidney transplant matching?

A positive complement‑dependent cytotoxic (CDC) crossmatch indicates:

Hyperacute rejection shortly after reperfusion is caused by:

First‑line induction therapy in standard‑risk kidney transplant recipients often uses:

Standard maintenance immunosuppression typically includes:

Tacrolimus toxicity profile includes:

Cyclosporine side effects more characteristic than tacrolimus are:

mTOR inhibitors (sirolimus/everolimus) common issues include:

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) key adverse effects are:

Delayed graft function (DGF) is defined as:

Early oliguria/anuria within hours after transplant with tender graft and rising creatinine; first diagnostic test?

Renal artery thrombosis early post‑op typically presents with:

Transplant renal artery stenosis usually presents with:

Ureteral leak in the early post‑transplant period is best evaluated by:

Post‑transplant lymphocele causing hydronephrosis should be managed by:

Acute T‑cell–mediated rejection (TCMR) hallmark on biopsy is:

Antibody‑mediated rejection (AMR) is characterized by:

Chronic allograft dysfunction typical features include:

Optimal strategy for BK polyomavirus nephropathy is:

CMV disease in kidney transplant often presents with:

Post‑transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is associated with:

Pre‑transplant evaluation should routinely include screening for:

Absolute contraindication to immediate transplantation includes:

Living donor advantages vs deceased donor include:

Donation after circulatory death (DCD) kidneys are associated with increased risk of:

ABO‑incompatible living donor transplantation strategies include:

A patient 3 months post‑transplant develops new proteinuria and hypertension; Doppler shows elevated velocities at the anastomosis. Next step?

Peritoneal dialysis patient presents with abdominal pain and cloudy effluent. Initial management?

CKD‑mineral bone disorder (CKD‑MBD) cornerstone therapy includes:

Anemia of CKD management aims for hemoglobin target approximately:

A transplant recipient on tacrolimus develops tremor and rising creatinine with trough 15 ng/mL. Best next step?