Principles, Wound Healing, Flaps & Skin Grafts

Which phase of wound healing is characterized by collagen deposition beginning around day 3–5?

Which factor most determines split-thickness skin graft (STSG) take on day 0–2?

What is the primary purpose of a tie-over bolster on a skin graft?

Which graft type undergoes the greatest secondary contraction?

Which is the best initial incision orientation on the forehead to minimize scar visibility?

STSG meshing at 1.5:1 primarily provides which benefit?

The correct sequence for skin graft take is:

Which plane preservation is most important for survival of random-pattern flaps?

On the distal third of the leg, the recommended maximum length-to-width ratio for a random-pattern flap is:

The main hemodynamic effect of nicotine relevant to flap survival is:

Minimum recommended preoperative smoking cessation period to reduce wound/flap complications is:

In a patient with nasal tip defect requiring local tissue, the classic transposition flap is:

Ideal recipient beds for skin grafting include:

Early management of venous congestion in a pedicled flap should first include:

What is the theoretical length gain of a 60° Z-plasty?

Which local flap best converts a circular defect into a linear closure with minimal tension vectors crossing a free margin?

Which growth factor is most directly associated with angiogenesis in wound healing?

A 2×2 cm lower eyelid defect requiring minimal contraction and best color match is best reconstructed with:

The principal biomechanical purpose of deep dermal sutures is:

The “delay phenomenon” in flap surgery primarily:

Which suture technique best promotes edge eversion for fine facial scars?

In random-pattern flaps, the major early cause of distal necrosis is:

For an STSG donor site, typical re-epithelialization occurs within:

Preferred method to secure a small FTSG on the nose is:

A propeller perforator flap is defined by:

In a diabetic foot wound with exposed Achilles tendon lacking paratenon, best coverage is:

Which statement about NPWT (VAC) over skin grafts is true?

In monitoring an axial flap for arterial insufficiency, the earliest clinical sign is:

For keloids recalcitrant to steroids and pressure, the adjuvant with the lowest recurrence when used within 24 h of excision is:

Which systemic medication most impairs the inflammatory phase of wound healing?

When grafting over exposed cartilage on the ear without perichondrium, the best strategy is:

Optimal time to remove skin graft bolsters is typically:

A rhomboid (Limberg) flap transposes tissue at approximately what angle to the primary defect?

Which statement about axial vs random-pattern flaps is correct?

What is the acceptable maximum bacterial load for reliable skin graft take?

Z-plasty with 45° limbs provides approximate length gain of:

Which incision orientation on the cheek best camouflages scars?

For exposed cortical bone without periosteum, which strategy improves graft success?

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) is most useful as an adjunct in:

Which flap type better obliterates dead space and handles contamination?

Optimal immediate management of a small hematoma under a fresh skin graft:

In tissue expansion, a typical latency after expander placement before inflation is:

Which factor most increases risk of distal flap necrosis at the time of inset?

Primary contraction is greatest in which graft?

Secondary contraction is greatest in which graft?

Which dressing is most appropriate immediately after STSG placement?

Ideal property of dermal sutures to improve scar quality is:

Best management for a small distal flap tip with marginal ischemia detected intraoperatively:

Which statement about NPWT over closed incisions (ciNPWT) in high-risk wounds is correct?

For nasal ala reconstruction when thin pliable tissue is required with good color match, the first local option is often:

Which wound environment most accelerates epithelial migration?

For lower leg defects with exposed bone and minimal soft tissue, the preferred reconstruction is:

Which statement describes mechanical creep vs stress relaxation in skin?

In a patient with prior radiation to the cheek, which reconstructive choice best improves healing after wide local excision?

Which concept best explains how adjacent flap territories meet and limit perfusion?

The dominant blood supply to a random-pattern skin flap is from the:

The first 48–72 hours of graft take depend primarily on:

When closing an elliptical excision, the classic length-to-width ratio to minimize dog-ears is:

Which factor most reliably reduces hypertrophic scarring after linear closure?

For a 1.5×2 cm alar rim notching with thin soft tissue requirement, the best option is:

The greatest risk factor for partial flap loss in the immediate postoperative period is:

In negative-pressure wound therapy over a graft, the typical continuous pressure used is:

Which flap is classically based on a named artery, permitting longer safe designs?

Best first-line management for early epidermolysis of a skin graft is:

The most appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis timing for clean-contaminated head & neck flap surgery is:

In diabetics undergoing flap surgery, the perioperative glucose target to reduce infection risk is approximately:

Best donor site for an FTSG to resurface volar digital skin (glabrous) with good texture match?

Typical time for scalp skin suture removal to balance dehiscence risk and track marks is: