Orthodontics

A 9-year-old with an anterior crossbite of a single maxillary incisor and a functional shift on closure presents without crowding.

A 12-year-old has a unilateral posterior crossbite with a mandibular shift to that side; mild maxillary transverse deficiency on exam.

An 11-year-old with a Class II division 1 malocclusion (overjet 8 mm), convex profile, and good growth potential.

A 10-year-old with palatally displaced erupting maxillary canine overlapping the lateral incisor root <50% on panoramic.

A 7-year-old thumb sucker with increased overjet and anterior open bite; parents ask about timing.

A 13-year-old with crowding of 6 mm per arch; Class I molars; balanced profile.

A 9-year-old presents with a deep impinging overbite traumatizing the palatal mucosa; otherwise Class I.

A 15-year-old with Class III dental relationship but normal skeletal bases; upper incisors retroclined, lower incisors proclined; good facial esthetics.

A 10-year-old with maxillary deficiency and anterior crossbite of all incisors; flat/narrow midface; still in mixed dentition.

A 16-year-old with a 4 mm midline diastema; labial frenum thick; canines fully erupted; no spacing elsewhere.

A patient with protrusive lips and bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion; crowding 2 mm each arch; desires lip retrusion.

A 12-year-old shows impacted maxillary canine; CBCT reveals resorption of the adjacent lateral incisor root.

A 14-year-old with anterior open bite of 3 mm, tongue thrust habit, and mouth breathing; adenoids enlarged.

A 10-year-old has early loss of primary first molar; maxillary first molar drifted mesially.

During fixed appliance therapy, a patient returns with a broken bracket and wire poking the cheek.

A 21-year-old post-orthodontic patient experiences relapse of lower anterior crowding after stopping retainer use.

A panoramic shows congenitally missing upper lateral incisors in a 13-year-old with Class I occlusion and good smile arc.

A 9-year-old with a supernumerary mesiodens preventing central incisor eruption.

A 15-year-old with a skeletal Class III and negative overjet 3 mm; concave profile; parents want non-surgical option.

A 28-year-old aligner patient develops generalized gingival inflammation and white spot lesions.

A 12-year-old presents with a deep curve of Spee and increased overjet; lower arch mild crowding.

During treatment, the panoramic shows external apical root resorption of upper incisors.

A 17-year-old with impacted mandibular third molars and mild lower anterior crowding.

A 13-year-old with an anterior crossbite due to true skeletal Class III (ANB −3°, Wits negative).

A 26-year-old complains of TMJ clicking without pain or locking during ortho treatment.

A 12-year-old with 8 mm overjet and lip incompetence; high caries risk and poor hygiene.

Orthodontic extraction decision: 14-year-old with 10 mm crowding upper and lower, protrusive profile, competent lips borderline.

A 9-year-old has a posterior open bite after eruption of permanent molars; sucking on tongue habit present.

A 16-year-old with spacing and diastema; generalized microdontia/peg laterals.

A 12-year-old with unilateral functional shift into Class III on right; coincident dental midlines off by 3 mm on closure only.

A patient in elastics for Class II correction develops posterior open bite on both sides.

A 14-year-old with cleft lip/palate presents for dental evaluation.

A 25-year-old seeks aligners for mild crowding; periodontitis history stabilized with therapy; pockets ≤4 mm.

A 13-year-old with unerupted upper central incisor due to odontoma; space present.

A 16-year-old with severe anterior open bite, vertical growth pattern, and tongue posture issues; failed previous habit therapy.

During finishing, a patient presents with black triangles between upper incisors after alignment.

A 12-year-old with a crossbite of a single maxillary canine due to palatal displacement; adequate space.

A 15-year-old athlete requests a mouthguard while in fixed appliances.

A 24-year-old with a prominent chin and deep labiomental fold; cephalometrics show skeletal Class III mandibular excess.

After debond, the 18-year-old patient asks how long to wear retainers.

A 10-year-old with severe crowding and early exfoliation of primary canines; ceph shows protrusive incisors and normal skeletal bases.

A 13-year-old presents with 4 mm Bolton anterior tooth-size excess in the mandible after alignment.

A 12-year-old with impacted maxillary canine shows no movement after 6 months of traction; percussion high metallic note on lateral incisor.

An adult patient desires camouflage of mild skeletal Class III with 2 mm negative overjet and proclined lowers.

A 16-year-old with generalized spacing and tongue thrust requests short aligner treatment without retention.

A 20-year-old needs maximum anchorage for upper anterior retraction after first premolar extractions.

A 12-year-old with unilateral posterior crossbite and maxillary constriction; deciduous second molars still present.

A 23-year-old with 6 mm lower anterior crowding and thin periodontal phenotype.

After canine retraction, a patient shows canine root proximity to lateral incisor on CBCT.

A 14-year-old has a vertical maxillary excess with gummy smile and lip incompetence; normal AP relationships.

A 10-year-old mouth-breather with adenoid facies has narrow maxilla and posterior crossbite.

A 17-year-old with compromised periodontal support (reduced but healthy periodontium) requests tooth movement.

A 12-year-old with Class II div 2: retroclined uppers, deep bite, traumatic palatal impingement.

A 26-year-old aligner patient shows poor tracking of upper laterals after skipping trays.

A 9-year-old presents with ectopic eruption of maxillary first molar causing resorption of distal of E.

A 15-year-old athlete needs Class II elastics but reports TMD pain with heavy wear.

A 30-year-old with mild OSA (AHI 10) seeks dental management; Class I occlusion, retrognathic mandible.

A 14-year-old presents with lower incisor gingival recession and thin attached gingiva pre-treatment.

Finishing stage reveals posterior crossbite on one side after aligner therapy due to occlusal interferences.

A 17-year-old with unerupted mandibular second molars due to mesially impacted third molars.