Endocrine & Breast

A 38-year-old woman has a 1.8-cm thyroid nodule and suppressed TSH. What is the next best test?

A 2.2-cm thyroid nodule with normal TSH has Bethesda III cytology. Best management?

Indication to operate for Graves disease?

A 9-mm papillary thyroid carcinoma, unifocal, intrathyroidal, no nodal disease. Preferred surgery?

Suspicion for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Critical preoperative step?

A patient with MTC and RET mutation (MEN2A). Which associated condition is typical?

Rapidly enlarging, hard thyroid mass with hoarseness and local invasion. Best initial priority?

Intraoperative identification of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve primarily prevents:

First-line therapy for thyroid storm?

A 62-year-old with symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (Ca 11.6 mg/dL, elevated PTH). Best treatment?

Which localization is commonly used before minimally invasive parathyroidectomy?

Intraoperative PTH monitoring “Miami criterion” indicates cure when:

Post-parathyroidectomy patient develops hypocalcemia with tetany. Likely cause?

Which is an accepted surgical indication in asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism?

Secondary hyperparathyroidism from CKD refractory to medical therapy. Next step?

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism after renal transplant with persistent hypercalcemia. Best management?

An adrenal incidentaloma 5.5 cm, heterogeneous. Hormonal workup negative. Best plan?

Suspected pheochromocytoma. Preoperative optimization?

Bilateral pheochromocytomas in MEN2. Preferred surgical strategy?

Workup of primary hyperaldosteronism after positive screening (elevated ARR) should include:

Suspected ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome from a unilateral adrenal mass. Management?

Imaging shows a 9-cm adrenal mass with irregular borders and local invasion. Preferred operation?

A 48-year-old with fasting hypoglycemia, high insulin and C-peptide during a 72-hour fast. Best surgical approach?

Refractory multiple ulcers and diarrhea; elevated gastrin not suppressed by secretin. Diagnosis?

Profuse watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, achlorhydria; CT shows pancreatic tail mass. Initial management?

Weight loss, new diabetes, necrolytic migratory erythema, glucagon 2,000 pg/mL. Best treatment?

Best initial approach to a new palpable breast mass in a 32-year-old?

BI-RADS 5 lesion on mammogram. Next step?

Planned mastectomy for extensive DCIS (ER+). What axillary staging is recommended?

Margin standard for invasive breast cancer after lumpectomy?

When is axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) generally omitted per Z0011 criteria?

Inflammatory breast cancer (peau d’orange, erythema ≥1/3 breast). Initial management?

Paget disease of the nipple is suspected. Best diagnostic step?

A 24-year-old with a 2-cm mobile, well-circumscribed breast mass on US consistent with fibroadenoma. Best approach?

Central neck lymph node management in clinically node-negative (cN0) small PTC?

Which feature cannot be determined by thyroid FNA and requires histology for diagnosis?

During parathyroidectomy, a devascularized normal gland is encountered. Best strategy?

In primary hyperparathyroidism, the role of imaging before surgery is to:

Classic tumor triad in MEN1 includes:

A teenager with thyroid mass, mucosal neuromas, marfanoid habitus. Likely syndrome?

Asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism with T-score −2.8 at the femoral neck. Recommended treatment?

Intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) during thyroidectomy:

A nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve is most associated with:

Strongest risk factor for papillary thyroid carcinoma in children/young adults:

Low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (≤1 cm, intrathyroidal) management option in selected patients:

Management of differentiated thyroid cancer diagnosed in early pregnancy (1st trimester), asymptomatic, low risk:

For adrenal incidentaloma workup, which screening tests are standard?

Genomic assay (e.g., Oncotype DX) is most helpful for which breast cancer subset?

Standard neoadjuvant approach for HER2+ stage II–III breast cancer:

Preferred systemic strategy for stage II triple-negative breast cancer:

Indication for post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT):

Adequate margin for DCIS treated with BCS and whole-breast radiation: