Toxicology

A 26-year-old found apneic with pinpoint pupils after suspected heroin use; what is the immediate antidote?

A child ingested acetaminophen 3 hours ago; which tool guides antidote need after 4 hours?

A 22-year-old with acetaminophen overdose presents at 6 hours; first-line antidote?

A patient with tinnitus, tachypnea, and mixed respiratory alkalosis/metabolic acidosis likely overdosed on what?

In severe salicylate toxicity with alkalemia, the key therapy to enhance elimination is?

Wide QRS, hypotension, and anticholinergic signs after tricyclic antidepressant overdose; best treatment?

Bradycardia, hypotension, hypoglycemia after propranolol overdose; most specific antidote?

Hypotension, bradycardia, hyperglycemia after verapamil overdose; cornerstone therapy?

Confusion, visual halos, arrhythmias after taking foxglove tea; antidote?

Child swallowed iron tablets with GI pain and metabolic acidosis; antidote?

Severe anion-gap acidosis, visual disturbance after moonshine ingestion; best antidote?

Calcium oxalate crystals, renal failure after antifreeze ingestion; first-line agent?

Miosis, bronchorrhea, wheeze, diarrhea after pesticide exposure; initial drug of choice?

After atropine in organophosphate poisoning, which reactivator treats nicotinic weakness?

Bitter almond odor, sudden collapse, high lactate after smoke inhalation; antidote?

Chocolate-brown blood, normal PaO₂ but low SpO₂ after benzocaine spray; antidote?

Agitation, clonus, hyperreflexia, hyperthermia after SSRI + MAOI; best antidote?

Lead-pipe rigidity, hyperthermia, autonomic instability after haloperidol; key therapy?

Sudden hypercarbia and rigidity during anesthesia with succinylcholine; immediate treatment?

Severe isoniazid overdose with refractory seizures; specific antidote?

Profound CNS depression from benzodiazepines in a chronic user with co-ingestions; which antidote should be avoided?

Carbon monoxide exposure with headache and confusion; first-line therapy?

Seizures, hyperthermia, tachycardia after cocaine intoxication; first-line medication?

Severe lithium toxicity with neurologic symptoms and renal failure; definitive removal?

Hyperammonemia and CNS depression after massive valproic acid overdose; adjunct antidote?

Tremor, tachyarrhythmia, hypokalemia after theophylline overdose; key initial therapy?

Warfarin overdose with serious bleeding; best rapid reversal?

Dabigatran-associated life-threatening bleed; specific antidote?

Apixaban or rivaroxaban life-threatening bleed; preferred reversal?

Organophosphate-exposed worker with copious secretions; the best endpoint for atropine titration is?

Toddler ingests sustained-release iron tablets; preferred decontamination when pills visible on imaging?

Large, recent overdose with protected airway; when is single-dose activated charcoal most effective?

Painful hydrofluoric acid skin exposure; immediate local antidote?

Severe hypocalcemia and arrhythmia after acute fluoride ingestion; IV therapy?

Recurrent hypoglycemia after sulfonylurea overdose; targeted therapy?

Refractory cardiovascular collapse from bupivacaine toxicity; rescue therapy?

Life-threatening theophylline tachyarrhythmias despite supportive care; additional measure?

Metformin-associated lactic acidosis with renal failure; definitive therapy?

Adult with severe lead poisoning (encephalopathy); preferred initial chelation?

Thallium poisoning with persistent neurologic symptoms; specific antidotal therapy?

After suspected Amanita phalloides ingestion with delayed GI upset and rising transaminases, what is the most specific therapy?

In organophosphate poisoning, which laboratory marker best correlates with severity and confirms diagnosis?

A patient with dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia relapses after initial improvement; next step?

Acute arsenic poisoning with garlic odor breath and severe GI symptoms; first-line chelator?

A child with moderate lead level (e.g., 50–69 µg/dL) without encephalopathy; preferred outpatient chelation?

Mercury vapor exposure with tremor and neuropsychiatric symptoms; recommended chelation?

Rising lactate and altered mental status during nitroprusside infusion; antidotal adjunct?

Farmer ingests paraquat; which immediate intervention is harmful in a non-hypoxic patient?

Toddler ingests kerosene with mild cough but stable vitals; best management?

Strong alkali ingestion (drain cleaner) with odynophagia; next key step after stabilization?

Flushing, headache, peppery taste after eating unrefrigerated tuna; treatment?

Pufferfish (tetrodotoxin) ingestion with perioral numbness and progressive paralysis; best management?

Descending paralysis after home-canned foods; definitive pharmacologic therapy?

Which finding most favors serotonin syndrome over neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

Which feature best distinguishes anticholinergic from sympathomimetic toxidrome?

Which is an accepted indication for hemodialysis in acute salicylate poisoning?

In acute digoxin toxicity, which laboratory abnormality indicates severe poisoning and poor prognosis?

After repeated naloxone boluses for long-acting opioid overdose, what is the next step?

Asymptomatic cocaine body packer confirmed on imaging; preferred decontamination?

Which laboratory clue strongly suggests cyanide poisoning in smoke inhalation victims?