Pediatric Dentistry

A 3-year-old presents with anterior maxillary white spot lesions and cavitation on incisors; parents report bottle with sweetened milk at bedtime.

A 5-year-old anxious child with deep occlusal caries on a primary molar has no spontaneous pain; periapical film is normal.

A 7-year-old with a necrotic primary molar and furcation radiolucency; tooth is restorable and exfoliation is not imminent.

A 6-year-old has a deep bite and caries on mandibular D; premature loss is expected.

A 9-year-old fell and avulsed an immature maxillary central incisor; tooth arrived in milk within 20 minutes.

A 4-year-old with a fully avulsed primary incisor; tooth is intact and parent asks to reinsert.

A 10-year-old presents with complicated crown fracture (small pulp exposure) of an immature permanent incisor within 2 hours of injury.

A 2-year-old has feeding difficulty and ulcer on tongue tip from a sharp mandibular natal tooth. Infant received vitamin K at birth.

A 12-year-old with molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) has hypersensitive first molars and post-eruptive breakdown.

A 6-year-old with ectopic eruption of the maxillary first molar causing resorption of E.

A 5-year-old presents with swelling of the buccal vestibule at a primary molar; afebrile, localized fluctuant abscess; parent asks for antibiotics only.

A 7-year-old with palatal displacement of an immature central incisor after lateral luxation; tooth is extruded and non-fractured.

A 4-year-old requires caries management but cannot cooperate; medical history unremarkable; parents prefer minimal invasive approach.

A 3-year-old with high caries risk—parents ask about toothpaste amount and fluoride content.

A 10-year-old needs inferior alveolar nerve block with 2% lidocaine w/epi; weighs 30 kg.

A 9-year-old with a deep carious immature first permanent molar has lingering pain to cold; periapical film normal.

A 4-year-old with generalized plaque and gingival bleeding; pockets not present; parents ask for mouthwash.

A 6-year-old with anterior crossbite from functional shift; single tooth displacement.

A 3-year-old has enamel hypoplasia and high caries risk; lesions are chalky but non-cavitated.

A 12-year-old presents with intrusive luxation of an immature permanent incisor (3 mm) 1 hour ago.

A 7-year-old has a Class II lesion in a primary molar with poor moisture control.

A 10-year-old with asthma presents for treatment; needs rubber dam placement.

A 9-year-old with a palatal swelling of a maxillary lateral incisor with deep caries; tooth tests non-vital.

A 6-year-old grinds at night with enamel wear facets; asymptomatic.

A 3-year-old non-cooperative child needs multiple restorations; behavior guidance attempted without success.

A 7-year-old reports pain on chewing; primary molar with deep caries is TTP; radiograph shows furcation radiolucency.

A 9-year-old presents with a mesiodens preventing eruption of the maxillary central incisor.

An 8-year-old with deep occlusal caries on first permanent molar; caries extends near pulp; no spontaneous pain.

A 6-year-old with facial cellulitis, fever, trismus, and dehydration from a dental abscess.

A 4-year-old with suspected neglect: rampant caries, missed appointments, and bruises inconsistent with history.

A 12-year-old with an enamel–dentin fracture (no pulp exposure) of a permanent incisor 24 hours ago.

A 5-year-old with autism spectrum disorder resists dental care; needs desensitization.

A 7-year-old with a deep carious lesion on a primary molar; asymptomatic; parent prefers non-drilling.

A 9-year-old after avulsion replantation of a permanent incisor asks about splint duration.

A 6-year-old with suspected ankyloglossia and speech difficulty.

A 10-year-old with recurrent aphthous ulcers; parent requests antibiotics.

A 5-year-old with dental anxiety requires small restoration; parent asks about nitrous oxide.

A 7-year-old presents with periapical radiolucency at a primary molar and exfoliation is expected within 6 months.

A 12-year-old sports player fractured incisal edge; requests protection.

A 4-year-old with multiple carious lesions; parents ask about drinks.

A 6-year-old has deep caries on a primary molar with spontaneous night pain; percussion tender; radiograph: furcation radiolucency.

A 9-year-old with irreversible pulpitis in an immature first permanent molar; apex open; no abscess.

A 7-year-old had avulsion of a mature permanent incisor; dry time ~90 minutes.

A 10-year-old presents 24 hours after horizontal root fracture at middle third of an incisor; coronal segment slightly mobile; pulp tests equivocal.

A 5-year-old with high caries risk; parents ask about professional fluoride.

A 6-year-old with deep Class II lesion in primary molar; moisture control poor; asymptomatic; radiograph normal.

A 12-year-old with palatally displaced maxillary canine (crown palpated palatal); panoramic shows overlap of lateral root <50%.

A 4-year-old presents with bluish, compressible swelling over erupting first primary molar; no pain/fever.

A 9-year-old with MIH molars; hypersensitivity prevents brushing.

A 3-year-old ingests ~100 mg fluoride toothpaste (about a pea) once; asymptomatic.

A 7-year-old with bleeding disorder (ITP) needs extraction of a non-restorable primary molar. Platelets 75 ×10⁹/L, hematology cleared for local care.

A 5-year-old with extensive caries and severe anxiety; attempted nitrous failed; multiple quadrants needed.

A 12-year-old with dens evaginatus on premolar fractures cusp causing pulp exposure; tooth immature, minimal symptoms.

A 6-year-old with a carious exposure in a primary molar; hemostasis achieved after coronal pulp removal.

A 10-year-old with deep caries on young permanent molar; asymptomatic; periapical normal. Parent asks to remove all soft dentin to “be safe.”

A 7-year-old with Class II lesion; dentist plans composite; rubber dam not tolerated.

A 9-year-old presents with swelling under lower lip after biting; bluish, fluctuant lesion; fluctuates in size.

A 6-year-old with anterior crossbite due to single tooth displacement and functional shift; primary canines present.

A 12-year-old asthmatic needs postoperative analgesia after SSC placement.

A 10-year-old with localized aggressive periodontitis pattern at first molars/incisors; minimal plaque.

A 5-year-old has avulsed a primary incisor; parent brings tooth in milk asking for replantation.

A 9-year-old with recurrent caries around composite on first permanent molar; poor oral hygiene.

A 7-year-old with non-vital primary molar requiring pulpectomy; which canal filler?

A 12-year-old presents with subluxated upper incisor after trauma; tender, no displacement.

A 6-year-old requires extraction of primary second molar; first permanent molar not erupted.

A 3-year-old with rampant ECC and nocturnal bottle; family has low health literacy.

A 10-year-old with periapical abscess and facial swelling; mild fever; unable to open mouth well.

A 7-year-old with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis day 2; dehydration risk.

A 9-year-old requires nitrous oxide; currently has severe nasal congestion from URI.

A 6-year-old with a stainless steel crown placed today bites cheek repeatedly.

A 12-year-old with fluorosis TFI 2–3 on maxillary incisors; aesthetics concern.

A 7-year-old has ankylosed primary molar infra-occluded below occlusal plane; successor present and developing.

A 10-year-old with frequent snacking and low fluoride exposure has ICDAS 1–2 molar lesions.

A 5-year-old needs IAN block; weighs 20 kg; using 2% lidocaine w/epi (36 mg per cartridge).

A 9-year-old with a broken acrylic space maintainer wire causing ulceration.

A 6-year-old has radiographic interproximal caries approaching pulp in primary molar; asymptomatic; parent refuses “drilling.”

A 12-year-old presents with luxated immature incisor (extrusion 3 mm) 2 hours after injury.

A 4-year-old with severe gag reflex requires radiographs.

A 7-year-old with deep caries on mandibular E; after caries removal, pinpoint mechanical exposure; hemostasis achieved readily.

A 10-year-old with class II malocclusion and early loss of upper E’s; first molars fully erupted.

A 6-year-old presents with painful white plaques that wipe off leaving erythema after antibiotics.

A 3-year-old has a tongue-tie noted by parent but feeds/speaks well; normal growth.

A 9-year-old with dens invaginatus in maxillary lateral incisor discovered incidentally; asymptomatic; no caries.

A 4-year-old with multiple smooth-surface lesions; parents ask about xylitol.

A 12-year-old with enamel hypoplasia on incisors seeks esthetics before school photos.

A 7-year-old with history of heart transplant needs SRP for localized gingivitis/gingival overgrowth.

A 5-year-old’s parent requests bleaching for yellow primary teeth.

A 9-year-old presents with upper labial frenum diastema 2.5 mm; canines not erupted.

A 3-year-old has extensive crown destruction of primary incisors from ECC; pulps vital; behavior manageable.

A 12-year-old with a healed alveolar fracture segment and replanted incisor asks splint duration in that case.

A 6-year-old presents with fever, facial swelling crossing midline, dysphagia.

A 9-year-old with deep caries first permanent molar requires isolation; rubber dam clamp causes soft tissue trauma.

A 7-year-old with stainless steel crown presents with gingival inflammation around margins; hygiene fair.

A 10-year-old with ectopic eruption of mandibular first molar impinging on E; minimal resorption.

A 4-year-old with suspected lactose intolerance; parents avoid milk; high caries risk.

A 12-year-old presents with pericoronitis around erupting mandibular first molar.

A 6-year-old with horizontal fracture of primary incisor at cervical third, coronal fragment missing; root stable.

A 9-year-old develops external inflammatory root resorption after delayed replantation of an incisor.

A 7-year-old with autism tolerates short procedures but not long ones.

A 10-year-old with deep active lesions; parent asks if xylitol alone can stop decay.

A 3-year-old has ulcer on lower lip from sucking habit and incisor trauma.

A 12-year-old requests whitening after ortho; has several composite restorations.

A 6-year-old has dental fear; parent threatens punishment if child doesn’t cooperate.

A 9-year-old with chronic mouth breathing presents with open bite and gingival inflammation.

A 5-year-old with radiographic furcation involvement in primary molar; exfoliation expected in 18–24 months; tooth restorable.

A 10-year-old sustained alveolar fracture with multiple teeth involved; segment mobile.

A 7-year-old with enlarged adenoids snores; parent asks about nitrous.

A 4-year-old with generalized enamel defects (amelogenesis imperfecta).

A 12-year-old with necrotic immature incisor after trauma; open apex; sinus tract present.

A 6-year-old presents with painful, swollen operculum over erupting mandibular molar; afebrile.