General Anesthesia

What is the minimum fasting interval for clear liquids before elective anesthesia in healthy patients?

For a light meal (toast/tea) or non-human milk, the recommended fasting time is:

Which patient factor most increases risk of intraoperative awareness?

Which is NOT an Apfel risk factor for PONV?

The single most effective intervention to prevent perioperative hypothermia is:

Which nerve is most at risk with prolonged lithotomy position?

The most common ocular injury in general anesthesia is:

Which transfusion threshold is reasonable for a stable, non-cardiac adult without active ischemia?

What is the best first step for suspected ventilator disconnection during GA?

During steep Trendelenburg for robotic pelvic surgery, which complication is most concerning?

Which action is most appropriate to reduce fire risk during open-airway laser surgery?

In a suspected venous air embolism, the initial position to improve right heart air trapping/aspiration is:

What is the best single predictor that residual neuromuscular block has been adequately reversed?

Which preoperative medication strategy is most appropriate?

Which IV fluid choice most reduces hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis risk?

Which factor most increases risk of postoperative visual loss after long prone spine surgery?

Proper arm positioning under GA to minimize brachial plexus injury includes:

Which step is required in the “time-out” universal protocol?

Intraoperative urine output goal for a typical adult under GA (absent renal disease) is approximately:

A patient with severe aortic stenosis undergoes noncardiac surgery. Hemodynamic goals include:

Which antibiotic prophylaxis timing is recommended for most clean-contaminated cases?

For patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the safest extubation plan is:

Which blood product is most appropriate to correct an isolated fibrinogen of 1.0 g/L with ongoing bleeding?

A patient on ACE inhibitors has refractory hypotension after induction. Best vasopressor?

Which positioning measure best prevents ulnar neuropathy?

What is the preferred management of an airway fire?

Which ASA physical status designation is correct for an emergency appendectomy in a patient with well-controlled HTN?

What smoking-cessation interval most reduces postoperative pulmonary complications?

Which measure best limits aspiration risk in a full-stomach adult during induction?

Which electrolyte disturbance most predisposes to perioperative arrhythmias with volatile anesthetics?

Which is the best immediate response to sudden ST-segment depression and hypotension under GA?

Which drug combination provides multimodal PONV prophylaxis in a high-risk patient?

What is the safest approach to glucose control in diabetics intraoperatively?

Which tourniquet-related change is expected after release?

Best practice to reduce wrong-sided nerve block or site error is:

Which measure most effectively reduces dental injury risk during laryngoscopy?

Which airway/ventilation strategy helps prevent atelectasis during GA?

For neuraxial or major GA cases in obstetrics, which aspiration prophylaxis is commonly used?

Which agent should be avoided in suspected acute porphyria during GA?

Initial management of delayed emergence after GA should first focus on:

When using TIVA for major surgery, which monitor best reduces the risk of intraoperative awareness?

In suspected malignant hyperthermia, the initial IV dantrolene dose is:

Which patient is at highest risk for latex anaphylaxis?

Which finding favors TRALI over TACO within 6 hours of transfusion?

First step for suspected **acute hemolytic** transfusion reaction intraoperatively?

Who most clearly needs perioperative “stress-dose” steroids?

Appropriate steroid regimen for **major** surgery in an adrenal-suppressed patient:

Sudden hypoxia/hypotension during cemented arthroplasty suggests:

Most common **intraoperative** trigger of anaphylaxis worldwide:

Strategy that best minimizes aspiration during **emergence**:

Ventilatory target after severe TBI:

Drug class most associated with postoperative delirium in older adults:

In morbid obesity, which RSI drug is dosed by **total body weight**?

For propofol **induction** in obesity, the preferred weight scalar is:

Main benefit of multimodal analgesia (acetaminophen, NSAID, regional, α2/Ketamine):

Typical Aldrete score threshold for PACU discharge:

First step for suspected opioid-induced hypoventilation in PACU:

Best method to reduce **redistribution hypothermia** at induction:

Most appropriate indication for an **arterial line**:

Dose of sugammadex to reverse a **deep** rocuronium block (PTC 1–2):

Key strategy to prevent pressure injuries/neuromyopathy in long cases:

Typical **magnet** effect on an implanted ICD intraoperatively:

Ethically appropriate approach to a preexisting DNR order for surgery:

Universal **plasma** donor type:

A consequence of transfusing “older” stored RBCs:

Which factor most increases pediatric perioperative laryngospasm risk?

Maintenance fluid rate for a 20-kg child (4-2-1 rule):

A balanced massive transfusion protocol typically targets:

Postoperative analgesia priority in known OSA:

Redosing interval for cefazolin prophylaxis in long cases (normal renal function):

For electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), which induction agent prolongs seizure duration?

Effective nonpharmacologic strategy to **prevent delirium** post-op:

A clinically important complication of intraoperative hypothermia:

The “fire triad” in the OR consists of:

PACU rescue antiemetic strategy after prophylactic ondansetron:

First management step for new **oliguria** intraoperatively (0.2 mL/kg/h) in a stable patient:

Optimal pressor for hypotension in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM):

Which change **increases PVR** and should be avoided in pulmonary hypertension?

Hypercarbia from pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopy is best treated by:

To reduce **awareness** risk when using low-dose volatile with NMBs:

Minimum fasting interval for breast milk before elective anesthesia in infants?

Minimum fasting interval for infant formula (or a light nonfatty meal)?

Recommended fasting interval after a heavy/fatty meal or fried foods?

Best timing to apply a transdermal scopolamine patch for PONV prevention?

Most appropriate naloxone strategy for opioid-induced hypoventilation in PACU?

Initial adult flumazenil dosing for significant benzodiazepine oversedation?

In enhanced recovery (ERAS), which preop intervention improves insulin sensitivity and comfort?

Which analgesic plan aligns with ERAS to reduce opioids and PONV?

Preop ACE inhibitor/ARB management for major GA (hemodynamic swings expected)?

Key steps in malignant hyperthermia (MH) management besides dantrolene?

Recommended dantrolene maintenance after acute MH control?

Which antibiotic is a reasonable alternative for surgical prophylaxis in true anaphylactic β-lactam allergy?

Most appropriate transfusion threshold in stable coronary disease with no active ischemia?

Strongest STOP-BANG indicator of high OSA risk (screen positive threshold)?

Safest discharge criterion regarding oxygenation after ambulatory GA?

Initial step for new **anuria** during GA with stable hemodynamics?

Which electrolyte abnormality most increases risk of perioperative torsades?

In presumed TURP syndrome with acute hyponatremia and neurologic symptoms, best therapy?

Safe maximum 24-h correction of chronic hyponatremia to avoid osmotic demyelination?

Which intraop finding distinguishes transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) from TRALI?

Appropriate cefazolin redose interval (normal kidneys) to maintain prophylaxis?

Most appropriate immediate management for intraop bronchospasm under GA?

In severe aortic stenosis during GA, preferred vasopressor for hypotension?

After high-dose rocuronium for RSI, immediate reversal (no twitches) requires:

Optimal dosing of neostigmine for shallow block reversal with ≥2 TOF twitches?

Intraop anaphylaxis with refractory hypotension: which IV epinephrine bolus range is appropriate?

Which inhaled gas should be avoided during bowel surgery with air-filled loops?

Best strategy to minimize corneal abrasion risk under GA?

Immediate action if a fire ignites in drapes during facial surgery under MAC with nasal O₂?

Key PACU step for suspected residual neuromuscular blockade?

Which factor most reliably lowers risk of postoperative pulmonary complications?

In chronic kidney disease, which analgesic should generally be avoided perioperatively?

For known difficult airway extubation, which option best maintains safety?

During steep Trendelenburg robotic surgery, what complication most threatens safe extubation?

Acceptable glucose target range intraoperatively for most adults?

Preop SGLT2 inhibitor management for elective GA?

Intraop hypothermia increases which risks?

Most appropriate immediate response to sudden ventilator disconnect alarm?

In sickle cell disease, which periop strategy is most important?

Primary components of valid informed consent for anesthesia?