Breast (Oncologic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic)

For invasive breast cancer treated with breast-conserving surgery, the recommended negative margin is:

For ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) treated with lumpectomy and radiation, the commonly accepted negative margin is:

Which patient with T1–T2 cN0 breast cancer can omit completion ALND after 1–2 positive sentinel nodes if undergoing BCT?

A standard mapping method for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) includes:

Absolute contraindication to SLNB is:

Common indication for postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) is:

Compared with ALND, the lymphedema risk after SLNB is:

A nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is oncologically safest when:

The reconstructive option least tolerant of PMRT is generally:

A key advantage of prepectoral implant placement over subpectoral is:

DIEP flap versus free TRAM flap: the primary benefit of DIEP is:

Latissimus dorsi (LD) flap with implant is most useful when:

Which factor increases capsular contracture risk after augmentation/reconstruction?

Breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) typically presents as:

First diagnostic step in suspected BIA-ALCL is:

Recommended oncologic treatment for localized BIA-ALCL is:

Best candidate feature for immediate implant reconstruction after NSM:

Compared with fat grafting alone, autologous flap reconstruction after PMRT:

The most common serious complication of fat grafting is:

After lumpectomy in the lower pole with significant volume loss, an oncoplastic level II approach often uses:

In augmentation planning, the single most important measurement to select implant base width is:

Periareolar augmentation incision has a relative disadvantage of:

Baker grade III capsular contracture is characterized by:

In reduction mammoplasty for gigantomastia with SN–N distance >40 cm, the safest approach to preserve NAC viability may be:

A superomedial pedicle Wise-pattern reduction advantages include:

Likely cause of “double-bubble” after augmentation is:

The most effective strategy to reduce biofilm-associated capsular contracture is:

A patient with prior chest wall radiation choosing implant reconstruction should be counseled that:

Nipple reconstruction method providing immediate projection with local flaps:

The most common timing for radiation in BCT is:

In immediate expander reconstruction, using acellular dermal matrix (ADM) primarily:

A complication uniquely more common with prepectoral implants is:

Best initial imaging for a late peri-implant effusion is:

Primary advantage of DIEP flap over implant in thin, irradiated chest is:

Common cause of early mastectomy skin flap necrosis is:

Following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, SLNB in cN0 post-treatment patients is optimized by:

Key risk factor for NAC necrosis in mastopexy/augmentation-mastopexy is:

In aesthetic mastopexy for grade III ptosis, the pattern most likely to control excess skin and give shape is:

For breast implant rupture suspicion in a patient with silicone gel implants, the most sensitive imaging is:

In women at very high genetic risk (e.g., BRCA1/2), risk-reducing mastectomy counseling should include that:

In pregnancy, which SLNB mapping approach is preferred for early-stage breast cancer?

For phyllodes tumor, the recommended surgical margin is:

Which imaging sign on MRI is most specific for intracapsular silicone implant rupture?

A key advantage of a prepectoral expander/implant is:

Primary drawback of prepectoral implant in a thin mastectomy flap is:

Benefit of DIEP flap over muscle-sparing TRAM is mainly:

Best preoperative study to map perforators for DIEP flap planning:

Preferred autologous option in a thin patient with inadequate abdominal tissue:

After PMRT, which reconstructive approach tends to have better long-term softness and contour?

In oncoplastic surgery, Level II techniques typically involve:

Which factor most increases risk of mastectomy skin flap necrosis?

Immediate management of dusky nipple–areola complex after mastopexy/NSM includes:

Which pocket maneuver best addresses lateral implant malposition (“lateral drift”)?

“Symmastia” after augmentation is primarily due to:

For tuberous breast correction, the cornerstone intraoperative step is:

Best initial imaging for a new palpable mass after reconstruction with fat grafting:

Which expander fill strategy minimizes mastectomy flap compromise?

Most common complication associated with ADM use in implant-based reconstruction is:

Which feature favors nipple-sparing mastectomy candidacy?

Indication for completion ALND after SLNB includes:

Key counseling point for textured implants and BIA-ALCL risk:

In suspected BIA-ALCL with localized capsule disease, standard treatment is:

An anatomic (teardrop) implant complication not seen with round implants is:

Most effective intraoperative measure to reduce implant contamination/biofilm:

Which reduction pedicle best maintains upper pole fullness and NAC reliability in moderate–large reductions?

After reduction mammoplasty, the complication most associated with smoking is:

Most appropriate first-line management of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) after exclusion of infection/malignancy:

In gynecomastia (Simon IIa/IIb), a common aesthetic surgical plan is:

Most reliable way to define and maintain the new inframammary fold (IMF) in revision surgery:

Which scenario favors conversion from subpectoral to prepectoral pocket?

For immediate reconstruction in diabetic smokers, the safest initial option is often:

Hallmark clinical distinction of fat necrosis vs recurrence in reconstructed breast:

Which adjuvant therapy increases capsular contracture risk around implants?

For NAC reconstruction, which technique gives immediate projection using local tissue?

After lumpectomy defect in the upper inner quadrant with significant volume loss in a small breast, the best oncoplastic option is:

A patient with round implant and high, tight IMF (“double-bubble”) after augmentation likely needs:

Sentinel node biopsy after neoadjuvant therapy in initially node-positive (cN1) downstaged to cN0 is optimized by:

Which autologous flap allows stacked bilateral reconstruction in very thin patients?

Early postoperative hematoma after augmentation should be managed by:

Most appropriate plane choice for subclinical capsular contracture recurrence after prior subglandular augmentation:

In ER+/HER2–, node-negative T1–T2 breast cancer, which test can help decide on adjuvant chemotherapy need?

Preferred first-line systemic therapy for postmenopausal ER+/HER2– early breast cancer without high-risk features:

In HER2-positive, node-positive breast cancer with a 3 cm tumor, the recommended initial systemic approach is:

For clinical T2N0 triple-negative breast cancer, a key benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is:

After neoadjuvant therapy for initially cN1 disease downstaged to cN0, the axillary strategy with lowest false-negative rate is:

Compared with ALND, axillary radiotherapy (per AMAROS paradigm) in patients with positive SLN primarily:

Lymphedema risk reduction counseling after axillary surgery includes:

In male breast cancer with ER+ disease and mastectomy performed, standard adjuvant endocrine therapy is:

During pregnancy, which treatment for early breast cancer is appropriate in the 2nd trimester?

Immediate reconstruction choice in a heavy smoker with poorly perfused mastectomy flaps should favor:

Red Breast Syndrome after ADM use most likely represents:

For suspected late silicone implant rupture with normal ultrasound, next best imaging is:

Management of confirmed saline implant rupture typically is:

In autologous reconstruction, which flap best preserves core strength?

In a patient with ptotic, large breast undergoing NSM, the mastectomy pattern that reduces ischemia risk is:

To minimize capsular contracture risk at augmentation:

A patient with persistent animation deformity after subpectoral augmentation seeks correction. Best solution:

The most reliable landmark to set and maintain the inframammary fold in primary augmentation:

“Waterfall” deformity after mastopexy-augmentation is primarily due to:

Following PMRT to an expander, common timing for safe exchange to implant is: